|
|
xPLICIT
|
|
|
xPRESSION
|
|
|
xECUTIVE
Article 1 |
|
|
Article 2 |
|
|
|
|
xCLUSIVE
|
Article 1 |
|
|
Article 2 |
|
|
|
|
xPERIENCE
|
Article 1 |
|
|
Article 2 |
|
|
|
|
xPLORER
|
Article 1 |
|
|
Article 2 |
|
|
|
|
xHIBITION
|
Article 1 |
|
|
Article 2 |
|
|
|
|
xCANGE
|
|
|
xTREME
|
Article 1 |
|
|
Article 2 |
|
|
|
|
xPERT
|
Article 1 |
|
|
Article 2 |
|
|
|
|
| BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: |
 |
| Area: |
total: 51,129
sq km
land: 51,129 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
| Land boundaries: |
total: 1,459
km
border countries: Croatia 932 km, Montenegro 225 km, Serbia 302 km
Coastline: 20 km |
| Natural resources: |
coal, iron
ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel,
clay, gypsum, salt, sand, forests, hydropower |
| Population: |
4,498,976
0-14 years: 15.5% (male 359,739/female 336,978)
15-64 years: 70.1% (male 1,590,923/female 1,564,665)
65 years and over: 14.4% (male 265,637/female 381,034) |
| Administrative divisions: |
2 first-order
administrative divisions and 1 internationally supervised district* -
Brcko district (Brcko Distrikt)*, the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina) and the Bosnian
Serb-led Republika Srpska; note - Brcko district is in northeastern
Bosnia and is an administrative unit under the sovereignty of Bosnia and
Herzegovina; the district remains under international supervision |
| International organization participation: |
BIS, CE, CEI,
EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC,
NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, SECI, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer) |
| Economy overview: |
Bosnia and
Herzegovina ranked next to Macedonia as the poorest republic in the old
Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture is almost all in private
hands, farms are small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally
is a net importer of food. Industry remains greatly overstaffed, a
holdover from the socialist economic structure of Yugoslavia. TITO had
pushed the development of military industries in the republic with the
result that Bosnia was saddled with a host of industrial firms with
little commercial potential. The interethnic warfare in Bosnia caused
production to plummet by 80% from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar.
With an uneasy peace in place, output recovered in 1996-99 at high
percentage rates from a low base; but output growth slowed in 2000-02.
Part of the lag in output was made up in 2003-05. National-level
statistics are limited and do not capture the large share of black
market activity. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM)- the
national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro, and
confidence in the currency and the banking sector has increased.
Implementation of privatization, however, has been slow, and local
entities only reluctantly support national-level institutions. Banking
reform accelerated in 2001 as all the Communist-era payments bureaus
were shut down; foreign banks, primarily from Western Europe, now
control most of the banking sector. A sizeable current account deficit
and high unemployment rate remain the two most serious economic
problems. The country receives substantial amounts of reconstruction
assistance and humanitarian aid from the international community but
will have to prepare for an era of declining assistance. |
| GDP |
official
exchange rate: $8.495 billion
real growth rate: 5%
per capita (PPP): $5,200 |
| Industries: |
steel, coal,
iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles,
tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic
appliances, oil refining
Industrial production growth rate: 5.5% |
| Exports: |
$2.7 billion
f.o.b.
Exports - partners: Croatia 18.4%, Italy 17.1%, Slovenia 14.6%, Germany
12.8%, Austria 6.5%, Hungary 5.2%, China 4.2% |
| Imports: |
$6.8 billion
f.o.b.
Croatia 24.7%, Germany 13.7%, Slovenia 13.1%, Italy 11%, Austria 6.9%,
Hungary 5.5% |
| Debt - external: |
$3.116 billion |
|
|
|
|
SEE
Countries
|
|
|
Relevant Organizations
|
|
|
Projects
|
|
|
|
|
SEE Report, All rights reserved |